Q What exactly are no-see-ums? They take a terrible bite out of my neck and face when I am gardening. Insect repellent doesn't seem to faze them.
A A no-see-um, also known as a biting midge, is a very tiny fly (most are 1/16 inch or less). Because it is so small, it often goes unnoticed until it bites. Despite its small size, it can inflict a painful bite. It's more likely, however, that you are encountering black flies in your garden. Similar, but a little larger (1/16 to 1/8 inch), they can also administer a painful bite. Both like to bite exposed skin, but black flies tend to bite more around the head.
It is difficult to prevent either of these flies from biting. Repellents are inconsistent in their protection. You can try to avoid times when they are present; some days may not be as bad as others. Or when you know they are out, wear protective clothing, such as long pants, long-sleeved shirts and hats.
Jeff Hahn, extension entomologist, University of Minnesota Extension
Changes in living wills Q In 2003 I rewrote my living will following advice from the Minnesota Health Department. The will is signed, dated and notarized as required. Someone now tells me that it is no longer valid and that the medical profession does not follow the wishes in the will. Is this information correct?
A No. But there could be misunderstanding because of terminology.
Before Aug. 1, 1998, Minnesota law provided for several types of directives, such as living wills, durable health care powers of attorney and mental health declarations. The law changed so people can use one form, the health care directive, for all health care instructions.
A health care directive is a written document that informs others of your wishes about your health care. It allows you to name a person ("agent") to decide for you if you are unable to decide.
