When you follow[-]up with a follow[-]up letter, which follow up takes the hyphen?
To answer that question, let's talk about compounds. Not chemical compounds, but word compounds. They come in three varieties: spaced, hyphenated and solid.
Over time, their spelling tends to change. Compounds that were once spelled as spaced compounds (such as week end) become hyphenated compounds (week-end) and finally solid compounds (weekend). Curiously, however, certain compounds such as high school resist evolution. Go figure.
To make things particularly challenging for the harried writer, not all dictionaries agree on the preferred spelling of certain compounds. Sometimes their spelling differs even within the same industry. For example, Blue Cross provides health care and Mayo Clinic provides healthcare.
What's a conscientious writer to do?
First, ask yourself a simple question: Are you using the compound as a verb, an adjective or a noun? That's an important distinction, because the spelling of many compounds varies according to their use.
For example, the compounds in the opening sentence of this column should be spelled "Did you follow up with a follow-up letter?" The verb is spelled as a spaced compound, and the adjective (like the noun form) is spelled as a hyphenated compound.
Although some writers are now spelling the adjective and noun forms as followup, the preferred usage is follow-up, as in follow-up letter, not followup letter. Similarly, some dictionaries (as well as iPhones) are now spelling all right as a solid compound (alright), but careful (and cautious) writers continue to spell it as a spaced compound.