American foreign policy seems awfully confused. When a student is deeply confused, what's needed is not another fact but a better ordering of the categories being used to organize and understand the subject matter at hand.
Americans usually discuss foreign affairs in terms of nations. That's no longer adequate. We cannot explain today's Mideast without understanding that certain religious communal loyalties transcend nations.
Consider the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant. Take out a map and notice that ISIL is holding the parts of Iraq and Syria where populations are dominated by Sunni Muslims. Those regions may never again be ruled by those two countries' Shia Muslim governments. The battle now is over whether ISIL or a civilized Arab Sunni regime will govern that newly separated Sunni territory.
Similarly, the next time you hear that the Saudis are bombing the Iranian-backed Houthis of Yemen, look past the smoke screen about the link to the nation of Iran. The Wahhabi Sunnis of Saudi Arabia are trying to suppress Shia infidels in Yemen who have successfully armed themselves.
More broadly, whenever you hear that some violence is "senseless" look for a battle over religion or ethnicity. More often than not, that will make sense of it.
Today's world is torn by a religious war, but we in the West are trying to interpret events as if God doesn't exist. We have made a strange bargain with ourselves not to think as religious beings, especially in connection with politics and foreign policy. We think that would not be "realism." It would be "sectarian." Religion talk is not for public life — keep it in the closet, or better still, the cloister.
So we agree to talk in public as if God and the human soul and the spiritual destiny of nations don't matter. We act as if our identity and character as Americans have nothing to do with the nation's Christian heritage. We talk instead about the individual — his dignity, her desires, his rights, her choices. Everyone knows what an individual looks like; nobody has seen God. Democrats and Republicans alike consecrate individualism. They identify with "the West" that idolizes autonomy. They patronize religious cultures that subordinate personal liberty to a higher power.
This self-imposed poverty of thought has caused our confusion. In early May of this year, an Associated Press story carried by the Star Tribune reported that "last month's massacre at Kenya's Garissa University College killed 148 people, mostly students."