• 4 romaine lettuce hearts, stems intact (or whole heads of romaine, tough outer leaves removed)
To prepare the croutons: Preheat oven to 375 degrees. In small bowl, mix chile powder, 1 teaspoon salt, 1/2 teaspoon pepper and 2 tablespoons olive oil. Lay out bread pieces on baking sheet and drizzle with olive oil mixture, then toss to coat. Bake for 10 to 12 minutes, tossing after 5 minutes, to taste until golden brown. Remove from oven and let cool.
To make dressing: In a blender pulse the anchovy fillets, garlic, egg yolks and mustard. Add lemon juice, 1 teaspoon pepper and 1/2 teaspoon salt, and pulse to incorporate. With blender running on low, slowly pour in 1/2 cup olive oil to form an emulsion. Remove and place in a small bowl until ready to serve.
To make Parmesan bowls: Start with 2 large salad bowls that "nest" tightly to make a nice-sized bowl for the Parmesan. On a 10-inch square of parchment paper, spread 1/4 cup Parmesan in a circle 7 to 8 inches wide. Lightly sprinkle with black pepper, then microwave on high for 90 seconds. Remove, trying to keep parchment taut. Center paper over open bowl, then use a second, slightly smaller bowl to press down the cheese and mold it into the bottom bowl. Flip bowls, wait 1 minute, then remove top bowl and parchment. Remove Parmesan bowl and set aside. Repeat 3 more times with remaining Parmesan.