Golden rules

Plants with gold foliage have become the hot accessory in the well-dressed garden. But, like any accessory, they are best used sparingly.

April 1, 2008 at 10:58PM
Gold Heart dicentra has the expected pinkish hearts, but sports golden, rather than green, foliage.
Gold Heart dicentra has the expected pinkish hearts, but sports golden, rather than green, foliage. (songsparrow.com/The Minnesota Star Tribune)

Green rules when it comes to plant foliage. The vast majority of plants sport leaves in some shade of green. So when plants with foliage in any other color come along, gardeners tend to sit up and take notice. And the rich glow of gold-foliaged plants is particularly alluring.

There are gold-foliaged cultivars of just about every plant -- from ground covers to trees. But there are a few things you should know about growing and placing these golden gems.

Sun tolerance

Most gold-foliaged plants start out as genetic boo-boos. They're short on chlorophyll, the green pigment essential for photosynthesis. Gold plants have enough chlorophyll to get by, but their bright leaf color appears thanks to yellow pigments that would normally be masked by loads of green chlorophyll.

This lack of green raises a tricky question for growing gold-foliaged plants: How much sun do they need?

Too little sun and many may look dull yellow-green rather than bright gold. Too much sun and the leaves of many gold plants sunburn, bleaching out and developing dead brown spots. Sun-tolerance among gold-foliaged cultivars can vary even within a species. Within hostas, for example, some gold-leafed cultivars tolerate full sun much better than others.

A good rule-of-thumb for most gold plants is to place them where they'll get morning sun and filtered shade during midday.

Gold accents

Green foliage is the basic little black dress of the garden, but gold foliage is a tasteful accessory. Occasional splashes of gold foliage add zing to the garden, but too much can look gaudy or, worse, jaundiced.

Instead of planting them in masses, use gold-foliaged plants to draw a visitor's eyes to a particular spot -- say, the front entry or a comfy bench in the shade garden.

Gold foliage also makes a beautiful foil for blue or purple flowers. Before you start to dig, consider what neighbors a gold-foliaged plant will have in your garden. Excellent combinations are a gold-foliaged Japanese spirea (Spirea japonica cultivars such as 'Goldmound', Dakota Goldcharm, Golden Princess) with perennials such as May Night salvia (Salvia x sylvestris 'Mainacht'), Royal Candles veronica (Veronica spicata 'Royal Candles'), or Chinese delphinium (Delphinium grandiflorum).

Gold-foliaged annuals, herbs, perennials and even shrubs can light up container plantings, as well.



Golden gems for Minnesota gardens

GROUND COVERS

Golden creeping Jenny (Lysimachia nummularia 'Aurea')

Golden creeping speedwell (Veronica repens 'Sunshine')

PERENNIALS

Gold Heart dicentra (Dicentra spectablilis 'Gold Heart'

Golden Hakone grass (Hakonechloa macra 'All Gold')

Hosta 'Sum and Substance', 'Daybreak'

Sweet Kate spiderwort (Tradescantia 'Sweet Kate')

VINES

'Fenway Park' Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata 'Fenway Park')

Golden hops (Humulus lupulus 'Aurea')

SHRUBS

Golden Spirit smokebush (Cotinus coggygria 'Ancot')

Tiger Eyes sumac (Rhus typhina 'Bailtiger')

Golden ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius cultivars 'Dart's Gold', 'Nugget')

Garden Glow shrub dogwood (Cornus hessei)

Japanese spirea (Spiraea japonica)

TREES

Princeton Gold Norway maple (Acer platanoides 'Princeton Gold')

Sunburst honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis 'Sunburst')

Gold Bullion pagoda dogwood (Cornus alternifolia 'Bachone')

Nancy Rose is a horticulturist formerly with the University of Minnesota Extension.

Tiger Eyes sumac
Tiger Eyes sumac (Special To The Star T/The Minnesota Star Tribune)
Gold Buillion pagoda dogwood
Gold Buillion pagoda dogwood (songsparrow.com/The Minnesota Star Tribune)
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