A computer program can analyze the voices of war veterans and determine which of them has post-traumatic stress disorder with 89% accuracy, said a study published in the journal Depression and Anxiety.
The results suggest voice could be a biomarker for PTSD, providing the basis for an objective test to diagnose the disease. The preliminary study was conducted by researchers at New York University School of Medicine and funded in part by the Army.
"This could really change the landscape of PTSD treatment," said Thea Gallagher, clinic director of the University of Pennsylvania's Center for the Treatment and Study of Anxiety. She was not involved in the study. "Helping people begins with diagnosis. And it's hard to know how many people we're missing right now."
PTSD affects more than 24 million Americans, national statistics said. Many are veterans or law enforcement members, but the disease also affects people who have experienced assault or abuse, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, or other traumatic events.
PTSD is diagnosed by a clinician interview in which a mental health professional determines whether a patient is experiencing distress because of a triggering event. The accuracy of that diagnosis is largely dependent on how much the patient shares.
But individuals with PTSD often repress traumatic memories and the associated emotions. Many hide their symptoms out of fear or shame, said Charles Marmar, co-author of the study and chair of the psychiatry department at the NYU School of Medicine. "They may be having nightmares three times a week," Marmar said, "but do they want to tell you that?"
Cultural and racial biases of the clinician or patient can also affect diagnosis. An objective test could remove these barriers, Marmar said.
In the study, researchers recorded standard clinical interviews with 53 male veterans from Iraq and Afghanistan who had PTSD, as well as 78 without the disease. The recordings were fed into a voice software that recognized more than 40,000 speech features, such as tone and frequency of pauses.