'Furniture Bible' a guide to home care

When wear and tear take a toll on houses, we know what to do: Repair, repaint, even renovate. But what about the stuff under that roof? Furnishings also require repair — and sometimes change: Chairs sag, legs break, tabletops are scratched, wood fades from sunlight and stylistic trends may dictate a shorter leg or different hinge.

Master change artist Christophe Pourny, 52, has restored furniture of all kinds — new pieces as well as antiques. He learned the trade from his father and uncle in the south of France, where he was born, but has worked from his studio in Brooklyn, N.Y., the past 20 years. He recently wrote "The Furniture Bible" (Artisan) to share tips for spiffing up pieces on your own or with professional expertise. We called him to find out what we ought to be doing for our furniture.

Q: Why is it so important to understand the history of furniture, say the difference between an English Jacobean chair and a 1910 Arts and Crafts one?

A: If you don't know what you have in front of you, you don't know how much to pay for the piece, whether it's an original or what should be done to repair it. A piece from the 16th or 17th century may be much more expensive than something from the 19th century, which was a time of revivals and copies. You can easily be fooled. I want to know as a restorer, since the technique to finish isn't the same for a Queen Anne chair redone in the 19th century vs. an Arts and Crafts piece from the turn of the century. During the latter time, there was much more emphasis on quality instead of mass production.

Q: Can you give us two or three general tips to keep a piece looking fantastic forever, whether an antique or something purchased brand-new?

A: You don't have to wait generations for furniture to get damaged. The biggest culprits are water, heat and light. Even with UV-controlled panes, light can get through, so it's often a tough call whether to leave shades down or up. I tell clients to leave them down when they're not home. Dry heat also is bad since it causes wood to crack, especially in winter. You need a humidifier then, and an air conditioner in summer. Water causes damage and not just with floods; accidents happen. And wood expands, retracts, and isn't the same over time.

Q: What about the trickier sources of damage — namely, guests and children?

It really requires common sense, and if family or friends don't respect your furnishings, speak up gently. You can say, "I really care about my furniture." I grew up with antiques because my parents were also dealers, and I never broke anything. We weren't allowed to climb on a sofa, but we did jump on beds!

Q: How hard is it to do a good furniture repair job on your own if you've never upholstered, stained, waxed, painted or gilded?

A: Start with a simple task and a not very valuable item, maybe a $10 frame; it's the same as starting with a simple recipe like boiling water for pasta al dente. You might clean or wax that first item, and then go onto more complicated jobs.

Even gilding has different levels of difficulty — using cream, varnish or gold leaf. As you become more confident and curious, try something harder and work on a more valuable piece.

Q: Might it also be better sometimes to find a professional?

Q: When is it best simply to leave an item alone, and accept that it's not perfect but good enough?

A: If you've inspected the item and know it's structurally sound and won't be hurt without being restored, you might leave it alone. After all, many today like the look of distressed and rustic furniture.

But if it's not sturdy or missing hardware, it might be better to repair it.