"Double, double toil and trouble; Fire burn and caldron bubble…" — "MacBeth," William Shakespeare
Mix Paleolithic instincts with 18th century thought and you get a brew powerful and toxic enough to cause mass extinction, historic floods and heat waves and progressive destruction of Earth's climate systems. This is an impressive accomplishment, worthy of consideration.
So, let's don our hazmat suits and dive into the bubbling cauldron to examine the contents. Ingredient one is not "Eye of newt, and toe of frog…", it is the "dismal science" — economics.
Some 50 years ago a talented young economist addressed a vexing issue: the economic implications of climate change. At that time environmentalists were challenging the notion that social and economic growth could continue indefinitely without serious consequences for human health and safety.
Such concerns appeared, for example, in the Limits to Growth report (1972) on the " … limits of Earth's capacity to support human economic expansion (Wikipedia accessed 7/21/19)."
Nobel Prize-winning economist William Nordhaus and Professor James Tobin, responded (Is Growth Obsolete?, 1972) with several arguments: overexploitation of unrenewable resources would self-correct via higher prices (market fundamentalism) and the development of technologic substitutions; failures of 'pricing systems', not growth per se, were allowing over-exploitation and mounting pollution; and of the " … danger of global ecological catastrophes, there is … little economics alone can say."
Despite this disclaimer, the authors concluded that environmental factors would not impede growth; rather new technologies replacing damaged or depleted resources would actually increase income and wealth. The key assumption, the lodestone of economics for over a century, was that growth was the singular goal and an unquestioned good. And climate change would not be a problem.
Clearly, 'pricing systems' have failed to control depletion and degradation of finite planetary resources. Market deregulation and transnational trade agreements have given rise to financial behemoths that have emasculated social and governmental oversight. The consequences include ever-widening disparities of wealth and access to resources; disregard for health and safety; irresponsible development; destructive sourcing and disposal practices; and irreversible environmental damage. Concerns about environmental costs lost in the race to the top.