With the country increasingly divided over the Vietnam War, President Richard Nixon launched a massive air attack on North Vietnam the week before Christmas in 1972, sending B-52 bombers over Hanoi in wave after wave.
Over the next two weeks, 1,000 Vietnamese died. On one night alone, 2,000 homes were destroyed.
That Christmas Eve, lawyer Vincent E. Johnson, his wife Ruby, and their 10 children attended a candlelight antiwar vigil at the Federal Building in Minneapolis.
His son Tim Johnson, of Aspen, Colo., then 7 years old, remembers being upset he had to go, as it interfered with their Christmas traditions. Years later, he came to appreciate the protest.
"It was a very memorable Christmas," he said. "It taught me a lot about taking a stand."
Vincent Johnson, of Golden Valley, died Sept. 18 from congestive heart failure. He was 97. His children remember him as a warmhearted man who stood up for his principles and conveyed them to his family.
"Two world wars and nothing has changed," he'd often say, according to son Ted Johnson, of Washington, D.C. "We are still fighting."
Johnson was an Army Air Corps sergeant stationed in Guam during WWII, although he did not see combat.