How President Bill Clinton managed the threat of removal from office has become a model in effective crisis management. Despite his impeachment, he left office with a 65 percent approval rating.
Nearly two decades later, President Donald Trump is setting a new standard on what not to do. In the face of rapidly spreading legal investigations, Trump's words and actions are sowing the seeds of his demise.
Conventional wisdom tells us Clinton was simply adept at compartmentalizing the threat he was facing while, at the same time, leading the country. In reality, the investigation hovered over the White House every minute of every day. It was Clinton's performance as president, the management of the West Wing and his legal teams that enabled him to prevail over his Republican opponents.
There were three core principles that drove all the words and actions of the president, as well as the administration's day-to-day operations and decisionmaking.
First, while the urgency behind managing the crises was clear, the majority of the White House continued to focus on the problems faced by everyday Americans, as well as on policy solutions. Meanwhile, a team of legal, communications and political staff managed the investigations.
Second, the crisis-management team would never pursue any strategy or activity that could in any way threaten the president's legal position. There was no communications gain or political victory worth running the risk of increasing the president's legal exposure. While the crisis-management operation was driven by the legal team, it was fully integrated with the political and communications operations.
Third, the president and White House staff always understood they could not, in any way, convey that they were consumed by the swirling scandal, nor could the president ever appear as if his personal problems were affecting his ability to carry out his responsibilities. Every communication and action was about conveying leadership and stability.
Trump has yet to build a White House team that can manage even the basic functions of government. His second-rate and understaffed legal team seems overwhelmed by the widening scandals.