Almost paralyzed by the rush of bad news at year's end — mass shootings in Paris and California, followed by a backlash against Muslims, a zealot killing innocent victims at a Colorado Springs clinic, a white supremacist shooting protesters in my hometown — I turned to witchcraft. Specifically, I decided to read "The Witches: Salem, 1692," Stacy Schiff's exceptional account of the trials in Massachusetts that led to the execution of 14 women, five men and two dogs for witchcraft.
Ironically, what I intended to be my escapist broomstick ride over the treetops of 17th-century New England landed me smack-dab in the middle of Minneapolis, USA, at the dawn of 2016.
The connection wasn't obvious at first because it's not easy to relate to the Puritans who settled Salem. They were all work and all pray, and looked down on anything that suggested pleasure or leisure. Their world revolved about the common meetinghouse presided over by stern ministers, who regularly heaped fire and brimstone onto their congregations. (This may be one reason the Puritans, in spite of their religious fervor, seemed to have often "forgotten" to pay the ministers.) With single-minded focus they sought to carve out of the wilderness what they envisioned as a shining city on a hill.
It was a dangerous world — on the edge of the big woods, where at any moment they might face an attack from Indians, the French, or, they believed, exotic adversaries like witches. The anxiety was so great that Schiff describes a 3-year-old in a crib warning parents about an attack from the French.
With the threat of terror so near, anything out of the ordinary could instill panic. Did your prized pig follow you as you walked into the woods to hunt? It must be possessed. Did a neighbor in a rainstorm come to your door with a cloak over his head? The devil himself must have arrived; hunt down the nearest suspect.
An unsuspecting resident of Salem could wake up innocent, find herself accused by mid-morning, and in jail by afternoon — all in a single day or, as we see it today, in one news cycle.
Some of those threats in Salem were real: Indian tribes were (understandably) trying to regain their land; the French were, in fact, attacking vulnerable English colonies. Salem's best defense against both was to stay united but, ironically, that's exactly what their fear prevented them from doing.
So the first real test of building that "city on a hill" in the New World was a colossal failure. Sensing fear, they turned from finding a common purpose to finding a common enemy within. Often it was someone a bit different: a widow raising children alone, a slave, someone who was homeless, someone who hadn't been seen praying like everyone else in town.