When students at Meadowview Elementary in Farmington needed to improve their reading scores last fall, they were turned over to physical education teacher Joe McCarthy.
Each morning for months, McCarthy had the students spend 15 minutes running or shuttling from side to side in the gym. It wasn't any type of punishment, but part of a growing trend in education that focuses on increased physical activity to improve learning.
The students were selected based on their scores on fall state assessments. When the kids took the tests again earlier this year, after McCarthy's exercise regimen, they showed the greatest improvement of any students at Meadowview, double the school average, McCarthy said.
"And all we did was move more," McCarthy said.
Educators say there is a growing body of research showing that physical activity -- even something as subtle as chewing gum -- helps not only a child's health but also a child's ability to learn because of increased blood and oxygen flow and the creation of new brain cells.
"It's more than a theory. It's a well-established fact," said Jack Olwell, incoming president of the Minnesota Association for Health, Physical Education and Dance, the group representing the state's thousands of physical education teachers. "The more active you are, the more brain cells you create."
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) issued a paper in 2010 urging more physical activity for students because of the health and academic benefits.
"There is substantial evidence that physical activity can help improve academic achievement, including grades and standardized test scores," the CDC report concluded. Studies involving millions of students in California and Texas demonstrated the connection. Researchers from Harvard and the University of Illinois also have shown how scores and learning improved with more physical activity.