Expect even more homebuying assistance competition after fed rule

For cash-strapped, lower-income homebuyers, the housing market is a tough place to be.

And it’s only becoming more uncomfortable in 2026.

A new federal rule has changed the eligibility targets for certain down payment- and closing cost-assistance programs, which could make the application for funds more competitive. And even when those programs focused mostly on helping a smaller group of potential homebuyers, like historically underserved people of color, they were already running out of money well before the end of the year.

There are still many for-profit and nonprofit agencies throughout Minnesota that can connect prospective buyers with financial help. But applying early is the blanket advice everyone should follow.

New Year’s Day has started the clock. Here’s what entry-level buyers need to know to snag the best deal on a starter home:

Mortgage rates, though still near historical averages, have doubled in the past two years. Home prices are at record highs. And there just aren’t that many inexpensive houses for sale because people with record-low rates aren’t willing to move.

Now add to that a scant bank account and not enough cash on hand for a down payment. But there are options for anyone who needs a little help with those or just some guidance in navigating the mortgage process.

Terms of those programs vary. Some are low- or no-interest loans, while others are fully or partially forgiven after you’ve lived in the home for a certain number of years. A variety of organizations offer them, including local, county and state agencies, as well as housing nonprofits.

Emily Strong, the affordable product manager at Bell Bank, a Fargo-based institution with 16 branches in Minnesota, said there are more than 2,500 different down payment-assistance programs nationwide, though not all of them are active.

Strong was previously on the programs team at Minnesota Housing, the state’s housing finance agency, and now works in Bell’s mortgage division. She’s laser-focused on helping loan officers navigate the homebuying process with their low- and modest-income borrowers.

Buyers are often surprised to find they might qualify for a grant or loan to supplement whatever they’ve saved for a down payment. So don’t forget to ask your loan officer when you’re being pre-approved for a mortgage: “What programs might I qualify for?”

If they’re not familiar with such programs, Strong said, find someone who is.

Earlier this year, the director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) announced a plan to terminate special-purpose credit programs (SPCPs), which aim to reach those underserved borrowers. Such programs also target buyers in certain areas where homeownership rates are especially low.

In part, those SPCPs meant to narrow the homeownership gap between white and Black Americans.

“These programs existed to help borrowers who had been historically discriminated against to be on equal ground with their counterparts,” Strong said. “There is a law that permitted this way of developing programs to create equality in the homeownership space. Not everybody sees it that way, which is why it’s going away.”

The mothballing of those SPCPs means lenders will no longer be able to specifically tailor programs to borrowers of certain races or ethnicities or to those in certain locations.

Strong said lenders are working on compliance efforts as they grapple with the new rules. The implications for buyers and borrowers are still unclear.

Though the change will have a dramatic impact on how lenders and agencies market their programs, the potential impact on homeownership rates among low- and moderate-income homebuyers is unknown.

Strong said that, beyond federal policies, it’s also uncertain how much priority local governments will provide to homebuyer programs. Local governments are one of many sources of funding for these programs, But with commercial real estate values falling after the pandemic emptied office towers and complexes, many communities are taking in less property taxes and thus have tighter budgets to manage.

Minnesota Housing is a good go-to resource for homebuyers. The state agency offers a variety of loan programs for first-time buyers and a refinancing loan program to help make owning a home more affordable.

Jill Mazullo, communications director for Minnesota Housing, said the SPCP announcement will not impact the agency.

The agency works with lenders across the state that might offer down payment and closing cost assistance of up to $18,0000 for eligible borrowers who meet certain income requirements. No matter the household size, the income limit for the Start Up program is up to $152,200 based on county. The house price purchase limit is up to $659,550 in the 11-county Twin Cities metro and $604,400 for all other Minnesota counties.

Minnesota Housing also administers several programs for repeat or move-up homebuyers. They provide up to $14,000 in down payment and closing cost assistance for eligible borrowers.

Homebuyer education and/or credit counseling classes are a cornerstone of these programs, so be prepared to attend one. A variety of agencies statewide offer them, and Minnesota Housing has the list, which includes Twin Cities-based PRG, Lutheran Social Service and NeighborWorks Home Partners.

Strong said it’s critical to work with a real estate agent who is familiar with such programs.

“If you’re working with a loan officer or an agent who dismisses any of the programs as too much work or too hard, that’s a big red flag,” she said. “Work with an individual who knows what they’re doing.”

Given the uncertainty of today’s lending environment and unclear expectations about whether underwriting guidelines will loosen, Strong said it’s more important than ever to apply as early as possible in the year.

For example, Mazullo noted the First-Generation Homebuyers Community Down Payment Assistance Fund, which is separate from Minnesota Housing’s program, was already out of funds by the end of December.

Strong said city and county programs are most likely to run out of funding, but Minnesota Housing programs, which are not forgivable, are often continuously funded.

“Usually it’s Minneapolis and St. Paul programs [that] run out of funds like hotcakes,” she said.

Strong said persistence, and working with a skilled loan officer or homebuying counselor, is the key to an affordable buying process.