Opinion | Rosy profile of Minneapolis strip clubs ignores the harms workers face

Nostalgia is not a substitute for truth.

December 18, 2025 at 10:59AM
"When media coverage focuses on the business success of a club owner while disregarding documented labor rights and health and safety violations, it contributes to a longstanding pattern of erasing the workers who made such success possible," Cam Gordon and Jayne Swift write. (Bruce Bisping/The Minnesota Star Tribune)

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The recent Star Tribune piece celebrating Peter Hafiz and his tenure in Minneapolis’ adult entertainment industry paints a glowing picture of a business empire built on charisma, entrepreneurial grit and nightclub glamour (“Remembering ‘king of clubs’ Peter Hafiz, who built a Minneapolis nightlife empire,” Dec. 5).

But the article presents only one side of the story.

Missing from the celebration of Hafiz’s success is the labor of the workers, specifically the dancers, who made that success possible. As two people, of many, who helped overhaul the city’s adult entertainment regulations in 2018, we know firsthand that the conditions inside many Minneapolis strip clubs were not glamorous, affirming or harmless. They were often dangerous. They were exploitative.

What the Star Tribune omitted

In 2017, the Minneapolis Health Department, under the leadership of Dan Huff, conducted a comprehensive inspection of all 17 adult entertainment establishments operating in the city. The findings were alarming.

Inspectors found evidence of occupational health and safety violations throughout multiple clubs. VIP rooms were routinely unsanitary and impossible to disinfect. Dancers described performing in spaces where they were expected to sit, kneel or dance on unsafe furniture.

They documented broken glass in performance spaces, slippery floors, unsafe stages and insecure railings. Dancers reported cuts, falls and injuries that were treated as routine parts of the job. Injuries that they had to pay for out-of-pocket.

On top of this were problems that are harder to sanitize with a mop: wage theft, coercion, harassment and racism.

Stories workers actually told us

The University of Minnesota’s Urban Research Outreach-Engagement Center (UROC), led by Lauren Martin, conducted one of the most detailed studies of the strip club industry ever undertaken in Minneapolis. Their findings echoed the Health Department’s — and added deeper context.

Workers described:

  • Mandatory “tip-outs” to management and security — effectively kickbacks that reduced their earnings and incentivized favoritism.
    • House fees and fines that meant dancers sometimes owed money after a shift.
      • Pressure for sexual contact in VIP rooms, where dancers felt unsupported by management when customers became aggressive.
        • Racial stratification — where dancers of color reported being paid less, receiving fewer stage opportunities and being steered toward riskier VIP interactions.
          • Retaliation against workers who spoke up about safety, wages or abuses.

            The Sex Workers Outreach Project-Minneapolis (SWOP) conducted a needs assessment and similarly documented harmful workplace norms that workers were expected to tolerate or stay silent about.

            These were not sporadic incidents. They were patterns.

            Why we acted

            When dancers testified before the council about the conditions in Minneapolis clubs, they did so at personal risk. They asked for basic workplace protections — no more and no less than what any restaurant, warehouse or office worker would expect.

            In response, the City Council passed a set of reforms that were neither radical nor restrictive:

            • Replace porous furniture with non-absorbent, sanitizable materials.
              • Improve visibility in VIP rooms to prevent coercion and assault.
                • Ban management from taking dancers’ earnings through mandatory tipping schemes.
                  • Require clear written worker agreements, so dancers understand fees, expectations and rights.
                    • Mandate basic safety measures — lighting, handrails and regular cleaning.

                      These changes were not designed to undermine the industry. They were designed to protect the people working in it.

                      Why a one-sided narrative is harmful

                      When media coverage focuses on the business success of a club owner while disregarding documented labor rights and health and safety violations, it contributes to a longstanding pattern of erasing the workers who made such success possible.

                      The adult entertainment industry is legal, but that does not mean there is no exploitation within it. Many workers rely on it for income, and many sincerely value their autonomy within it. But autonomy is not a substitute for safety, and nostalgia is not a substitute for truth.

                      Ignoring the uncomfortable parts of the story does not make them go away. It simply ensures they will continue.

                      Minneapolis must keep worker safety at the center

                      The adult entertainment industry is not going anywhere. But neither should the findings of the Health Department, UROC or SWOP be forgotten the next time we debate policy — or the next time a profile celebrates an industry owner’s longevity without acknowledging the cost borne by those who worked under him.

                      Minneapolis can choose to protect workers, or it can choose to protect illusions.

                      Cam Gordon is a lifelong Minneapolis resident and former Minneapolis City Council member who served from 2006 to 2022. Jayne Swift, Ph.D., is the communications manager at the Center on Women, Gender, and Public Policy and managing editor of the Gender Policy Report at the Humphrey School of Public Affairs.

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                      about the writer

                      Cam Gordon and Jayne Swift

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                      Bruce Bisping/The Minnesota Star Tribune

                      Nostalgia is not a substitute for truth.

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