You finally got a doctor's appointment. Here's how to get the most out of it

WASHINGTON — It's not unusual for a 20-something to text Mom in a panic from the doctor's office, seeking help answering a question. And patients of any age can struggle to recall all their medicines — or forget to mention a concern.

Getting the most out of a doctor's visit requires some advance preparation. Even the professionals plan ahead.

''It is really hard — even for me as a doctor going to see my own family doctor — to remember the things that I wanted to bring up,'' said Dr. Sarah Nosal, president of the American Academy of Family Physicians. ''The worst is when you've had that moment with your doctor'' only to recall another problem after walking out, she said. ''You've lost that time.''

Her top tip: Bring a list of symptoms and questions to show at the start of the visit. The first item should be your top concern, but seeing the full list helps your doctor prioritize what's most medically urgent.

''I'm actually going to be able to see, is there a red flag?'' explained Nosal, who has some advice about prepping for a typical primary care visit.

Your primary care doctor monitors your overall health

Some illnesses require specialists like a cardiologist or rheumatologist. But regardless of your age or how healthy you are, research has long shown that a relationship with a primary care provider is important for overall health. It might be a family physician like Nosal, who cares for all ages, or an internist. Some patients choose gynecologists, geriatricians, or have a primary care team that includes nurse practitioners or physician assistants.

''That ongoing relationship also helps me know your ‘normal,''' Nosal explained. ''If something's different or changes or you feel off, when you tell me that information and I also have known you over time, we can really figure out together what's going on.''

Quiz your family before the appointment

Young adults navigating health care on their own for the first time may need help filling out forms with their personal medical history. Have you ever had general anesthesia? Is your tetanus shot up to date?

If you still have access to the patient portal at your former pediatrician's office, you can see records of vaccinations and prior illnesses, or you may have to request them or quiz parents.

For all ages, family medical history is critical — and needs regular updating. Ask what diseases your close relatives have had and how they fared. For example, if Type 2 diabetes runs in the family, or Grandma had a stroke, or someone had cancer at a young age, that information could help tailor your preventive care, Nosal said.

Filling out paperwork from home makes it easier to check medicine bottles for the name and dose. Include both prescription and over-the-counter medicines, pills or creams — and don't forget vitamins and supplements.

Why are the latter important? Some can interact with prescription medicines. Nosal cited some patients whose longtime treatments quit working after they started taking turmeric, a spice also sold as a supplement.

Also before your visit, check if the doctor received records of recent lab tests, hospitalizations or visits to other health providers, since electronic medical records aren't always automatically shared.

Keep a running list of questions before a doctor visit

Some symptoms are bad enough to prompt an urgent visit. But if you've got a checkup coming, whether it's routine or to follow up on health problems, start a list of questions in advance.

Nosal keeps a running list on her phone and, ahead of visits with her own doctor, sends it as a heads-up through her patient portal. Patients also can include their list on visit check-in forms.

The idea is to address the most urgent questions first, rather than patients running out of time before raising a key concern. Nosal said questions about mental or sexual health and wellness especially tend to come up at the last minute.

Whatever the medium, ''please bring that list,'' she said. ''That's the most critical of all pieces.''

It's OK to ask again

People may know to ask questions about treatments, such as how well they work and what side effects to expect. But it's also important to understand why a doctor makes a particular diagnosis or, conversely, isn't as worried about a symptom as you might be.

Most health advocacy groups also advise bringing along a friend or relative, especially if you have serious or multiple health problems. They can help ask questions and take notes.

''Whether you are 20 or you are 85, you will not remember everything from your medical visit,'' Nosal said.

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