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U.S. eases restrictions on groups aiding Somalia

Some humanitarian groups have feared American prosecution for working in the southern part of the country, much of which is controlled by a group linked to Al-Qaida.Summary.

August 3, 2011 at 1:51AM

Workers carried sacks of food at a distribution center in Dadaab, Kenya, on Tuesday. Dadaab, a camp designed for 90,000 people, now houses about 440,000 refugees. Almost all are from Somalia, with more than 1,000 arriving daily as they flee fighting or hunger. (Associated Press/The Minnesota Star Tribune)

WASHINGTON - The Obama administration is intensifying efforts to deliver food to famine-stricken Somalia, easing restrictions on humanitarian aid groups so they won't be penalized if they inadvertently help Al-Qaida-linked militants battling for power in the country.

With the worst famine in decades stirring worldwide alarm, the new rules are intended to provide "more flexibility and to allow a wider range of aid to a larger number of areas in need," a senior administration official said Tuesday.

Drought threatens 3 million

A widening famine and drought threaten about 3 million people in the Horn of Africa, many in remote regions of southern Somalia. The United Nations estimates it will need $300 million worth of food, medicine and other emergency supplies over the next three months to meet the crisis.

Much of southern Somalia is controlled by Al-Shabab, an Islamist extremist group that is officially listed by the U.S. government as a foreign terrorist organization. Under the law, anyone providing aid to Al-Shabab may be subject to prosecution.

Humanitarian aid groups also have worried about a 2008 U.N. Security Council Resolution that imposed a travel ban and economic sanctions on some Somali leaders and their supporters.

The U.S. decision to designate Al-Shabab as a terrorist organization in 2008 caused some aid agencies to halt deliveries to southern Somalia for fear they could be charged with helping the militants, who have carried out suicide bombings and other attacks.

According to a U.N. monitoring report last month, Al-Shabab extracts $70 million to $100 million a year in "taxes" from groups and companies delivering aid. In the Mogadishu region, for example, the group's "aid coordinator" charged aid organizations about $90,000 apiece for a six-month pass to bring in relief supplies, the report said.

The system and the costs are not uniform, however. Experts say some Al-Shabab leaders reject the idea of any Western aid groups entering territory they control, while others are willing to allow outside groups to operate for a price.

U.S. officials insist that humanitarian aid groups were never at risk of prosecution because they helped starving people. They acknowledged that U.S. efforts to ease the famine are likely to increase the plunder taken by Al-Shabab.

'The human need is compelling'

"There is a risk there, quite honestly," said one official, who spoke on the condition of anonymity. "But we have decided it's worth some risk of diversion ... the human need is compelling."

The United States is providing $459 million in aid to nations in the Horn of Africa this fiscal year.

Foreign-based aid groups typically hire local truckers and other subcontractors to deliver supplies. But southern Somalia is especially hazardous.

The administration aimed its new message at the international aid community, but only a handful of groups have the skills to overcome the risks to deliver substantial amounts of aid, officials said.