By Mohana Ravindranath • Washington Post
At Rutgers University in New Jersey, scientists are training a computer to do instantly what might take art historians years: analyze thousands of paintings to understand which artists influenced others.
The software scans digital images of paintings, looking for common features — composition, color, line and objects shown in the piece, among others. It identifies paintings that share visual elements, suggesting that the earlier painting's artist influenced the later one's.
The project is part of a broader effort to apply computer science techniques to the humanities. This year, the university established a Digital Humanities Lab, based in its Computational Biomedicine Imaging and Modeling Center. The art application is among its first projects.
The field is growing. The Getty Foundation in Los Angeles provides grants to researchers in digital art history; George Mason University's Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media, one of the recipients, received $155,000. And Washington's Folger Shakespeare Library recently was awarded a grant to digitize its collection of manuscripts and artwork.
But some art historians — including Lisa Strong, director of Georgetown University's art and museum studies program — are skeptical about visual algorithms such as the one in development at Rutgers. "You can't really impose a scientific framework so profitably on an exercise like painting analysis," she said. "It's all subjective."
Still, the software has revealed some connections that art historians had not — at least, according to the team's survey of existing art history literature, said Ahmed Elgammal, an associate professor of computer science, who has been working on the project for about three years. "The advantage is it can easily mine thousands and millions of art works in a very [efficient] way."
For instance, after churning through a database of 1,700 pieces created between the 15th and 20th centuries, its visual algorithm zeroed in on American artist Norman Rockwell's "Shuffleton's Barbershop," completed in 1950, and French impressionist painter Frederic Bazille's 1870 "Bazille's Studio; 9 rue de la Condamine."
