• 2 to 3 tbsp. extra virgin olive oil, divided
Cut off the upper one-third and the stem of each artichoke. Place in a steamer rack over boiling water. Reduce the heat to medium, cover and steam until the base of the artichoke offers little resistance when pierced with the tines of a fork, about 30 minutes, depending on the size and maturity of the artichokes. Remove, and when cool enough to handle, scoop out the center leaves with a spoon. Remove the thistle and any fuzzy bits. This will make a cavity about 11/2 inches wide. Set aside.
Put 1 cup water in a bowl and add the breadcrumbs, stirring. Leave just long enough to soften the bread, anywhere from 15 seconds to several minutes. Squeeze out the excess moisture and remove breadcrumbs to a clean bowl.
Add the vinegar, parsley, garlic, 1/2 teaspoon salt, pepper, lemon juice, tomato and 2 tablespoons olive oil. Taste and adjust seasoning. The mixture will appear fluffy, but should be dense enough to just hold its shape when squeezed into a ball. Moisten with another tablespoon of olive oil if necessary.
Spoon about 1/4 cup of the stuffing into the cavity of each artichoke. Pry back a layer of the leaves, and tuck 1/2 teaspoon or so of the stuffing at the base of each leaf. Pry back another layer and repeat. The artichoke will expand like a flower.