There's a passage in Barbara Pym's "Jane and Prudence" that always makes me smile. After Jane Cleveland's husband is installed as vicar in a village church, Jane is introduced to a Miss Doggett, a robust woman who bosses around the meeker parishioners.

When Miss Doggett makes an obscure comment about a widower in the village, Jane suggests:

"Men want only one thing?"

"Yes," [replies Miss Doggett]. "We know what it is."

"Typing a man's thesis, correcting proofs, putting sheets sides-to-middle, bringing up children, balancing the housekeeping budget ... "

Jane recites out loud this list of the things men want. She's a challenging person, because the churning thoughts most of us keep to ourselves she blurts out without thinking. Her daughter is impatient with her, her husband resigned, but she unnerves Miss Doggett.

Throughout the 1953 novel, the question of what men want keeps cropping up. Only Miss Doggett seems to think men's minds run to sex, the implied "one thing." However, when she says this, "she looked puzzled; it was as if she had heard that men only wanted one thing, but had forgotten for the moment what it was."

Pym, the subject of a new biography, "The Adventures of Miss Barbara Pym," by Paula Byrne, worked for an anthropological journal — and her characters often act like anthropologists, studying the customs of the tribe that they're both part of and separate from. They probe beneath the surface, often humorously, but with devastating insight into human foibles.

In "Quartet in Autumn" (1977), her most somber novel, she gives us a woman who — like Pym herself — has had a mastectomy. Marcia lives alone and has a painful crush on her surgeon, to the point of trailing him around London, hoping for a glimpse of him. She imagines his life, longs for his attention. Her story is painful and poignant.

At the other end of the behavioral spectrum is the housekeeper for a pair of clergymen in "A Glass of Blessings" (1958). This is a man named Wilf Bason, whose pomposity and stupidity evoke Mr. Collins in "Pride and Prejudice." Bason steals a Fabergé egg belonging to one of the clergymen he looks after and shows it off in the cereal aisle of a grocery store. He tosses it in the air as the narrator looks on in horror. Recluse, buffoon, Marcia, Bason, Pym encompasses the range of human behavior.

Pym was among a group of British women who wrote domestic novels in the mid-20th century. However, when I read her work, I think less often of Elizabeth Taylor or Elizabeth Bowen. Rather, it is James Joyce and "Ulysses" that come to mind.

I read "Ulysses" for its 2022 centenary. At first glance, Joyce's riff on language, history, myth and sex has little in common with Pym's middle-class men and women struggling with meager salaries and housing, food and love shortages. Joyce quotes medieval Italian, Hebrew liturgy, the Latin mass; Pym's characters recite verses from what Pym calls "the lesser English poets."

What draws me to Pym, as to Joyce, aren't these surface similarities, but their shared exposure of their characters' private thoughts. The real action for Pym, as for Joyce, takes place behind the eyelids. Leopold Bloom, in the middle of a funeral, thinks about his wife's liaisons, his son's death, the bloody kidney and the perfumed soap both squashed in packages in his pockets.

Like Bloom, Pym's characters' minds drift to domestic concerns, usually, rather than to sex, but definitely away from the world around them. In "A Glass of Blessings," at a meeting of a social welfare agency, a chance remark by the director makes Wilmet Forsyth picture a friend's mother hunched over her chop bone, devouring it in the way she devours her daughter. At dinner parties, Wilmet isn't listening to the conversation because she's picturing unseen details in other people's lives.

Pym's humor can veer to slapstick, as it does with Bason, but more often she peels back the skin of our foibles and makes us see ourselves in the world of social embarrassments, petty jealousies and the discomforting obsessions to which we all are prey.

At the same time, she's telling us: This is how folks do. You may dwell in miserable embarrassment on an inappropriate comment you've made, but you are not alone.

What men want in Pym's world is the same thing that women want: understanding, support, friendship, more than love or even sex, and, always, a good meal. As Piers Longridge tells Wilmet in "A Glass of Blessings," "Aren't we all colleagues in this grim business of getting through life as best we can?"

Novelist and essayist Sara Paretsky is the author, most recently, of "Overboard."

By: Paula Byrne.