• Snipped chives, for serving, optional
Preheat the oven to 450 degrees. Place a 9- or 10-inch deep-dish pie pan (or similar-size baking dish) on a baking sheet lined with aluminum foil, parchment paper or a silicone liner. Spread 1 tablespoon oil over the bottom and sides of the pan, scatter over the slices of garlic, half the sprigs of herbs and half the torn basil, then season lightly with salt and pepper.
Stir together the breadcrumbs and minced anchovies in a medium bowl. Grate the zest of the lemon over the bowl. Cut the lemon in half; squeeze about 1 tablespoon of the juice (from half the fruit) into the mixture. Add 1 tablespoon oil and the cayenne pepper; stir to mix well. Taste the mixture, and add salt and/or pepper as needed.
Cut the remaining lemon half into 6 thin slices.
Trim a bit off the end of each bell pepper's stem, leaving the rest of the stem, the cap and the pepper intact. Cut the peppers in half from top to bottom; discard the ribs and seeds. Spoon an equal amount of the breadcrumb mixture into each pepper half and top with the remaining torn basil. Divide the tomato halves among the peppers, placing them cut side down and as close together as you can. Arrange the peppers in the pie pan, crowding them together so they all fit. One or two might pop up or their bottoms might not fully touch the base of the pan, but in the end, each pepper will be fine. Tuck the lemon slices in and among the peppers or just underneath them. Drizzle over the remaining 4 tablespoons of oil and strew the remaining herb sprigs over the dish.