Most hippies are gone in Goa, but peace and love remain

"No fighting about religion in Goa," called our driver over his shoulder as we bounced down a rutted road to the beach in this tiny state in southwest India.

We'd remarked about the number of churches we'd seen during our stay — a whitewashed steeple in what seemed like every village — and wondered how Christians fare in a country that's 80 percent Hindu, 13 percent Muslim.

His answer echoed what others had told us: no problem.

In a world where sectarian violence flares sporadically, Goans get along.

"I invite my neighbors for Christmas, and I go to their houses for Diwali," said Shailesh Pai, a longtime resident.

Christians — 35 percent of Goa's population — place crosses outside their homes, said Pai, and often share a common wall with Hindu dwellings where carved stone planters grow tulsi, or holy basil, in the front yard. Stars come out on Christian houses in December; colorful paper lanterns hang from Hindu homes during the festival of lights.

But religion isn't the only way Goa differs from the norm in India. Even in a nation known for diversity, Goa stands apart. Residents refer to themselves as Goan, not Indian, as if they live in another country.

Portugal established a colony here in 1510, bringing with it not only Christianity but European culture. Not until 1961 did the Portuguese leave, giving Goa its freedom. It wasn't until 1987 that Goa officially became a state in India.

Architecture, especially that of churches, resembles southern Europe. Music contains strains of Portuguese fado. The Portuguese introduced potatoes, tomatoes, pineapples and cashews into the cuisine, and Goans use the apple of the cashew tree to make feni, their version of white lightning.

While many Indians follow a vegetarian diet, Goans eat meat, primarily pork, and with 66 miles of coastline on the Arabian Sea, fish is a staple. Rice and curry dishes also abound, thanks to a tropical climate where spice plantations flourish and farmers use water buffalo to tend rice paddies.

The Portuguese practice of afternoon siestas continues to be followed by some Goans, and an attitude of so-called "susegad" prevails. Derived from the Portuguese word "sossegado," meaning quiet, it refers to a state of tranquil contentment, peace and tolerance.

Perhaps that's why hippies flocked to Goa.

The D'Souzas — a proud Portuguese family name — run the Sunset Guesthouse, Bar & Restaurant overlooking Anjuna beach, once one of the biggest hippie hangouts. Back in the day, Anthony D'Sousa said, the hippies would stash their backpacks in the brush behind the beach, strip and go for a swim. "Now those backpacks would be stolen," he said, laughing.

Anjuna still has a Wednesday-night flea market drawing vendors from throughout India, and partyers might find a rave in one of North Goa's beach towns. Most visitors, though, are of the mainstream variety, on package tours from Russia and the U.K. or on family vacations from Mumbai and New Delhi. They come for the same reason our family came: a day at the beach and another touring Goa's impressive historical sites (goa-tourism.com).

The state of Goa comprises two districts, South Goa and North Goa, with the latter being more developed.

Rocky outcroppings divide North Goa's most popular beaches, Anjuna, Vagator and Calangute. Women in brightly colored saris stroll the sand, approaching sunbathers reclining under beach umbrellas to hawk scarves, jewelry and other trinkets. A massage or manicure, maybe?

Cows, revered in India, wander the beaches at will, their curved horns framing idyllic scenes of palm trees and surf. On Vagator beach, one pokes its snout into a tote bag left on a chaise. A server from a nearby food shack picks up a stick and chases it away as smartphone cameras capture the action.

The Tropical Spice Plantation in North Goa welcomes guests with herbal tea and a flower garland before a tour of the grounds, brimming with spices. A buffet lunch follows with traditional Goan fish curry among the options. Servers offer samples of kaju feni, a lighter version of the cashew liqueur made only in Goa. Full-strength feni has an alcohol content of nearly 43 percent — not an ideal beverage before taking the elephant rides the plantation offers.

Goa's colonial past unfolds in Old Goa, a UNESCO World Heritage site. A bustling city of traders, merchants and missionaries in the 16th century, it nearly vanished after waves of cholera epidemics forced the Portuguese to move the capital to Panaji (or Panjim) in the 18th century. Of the milelong strip of monasteries, cathedrals and churches that remain, two stand out.

Catholic pilgrims from around the globe come to the Basilica de Bom Jesus built by the Jesuits in 1594. A silver reliquary contains the body of St. Francis Xavier, one of the founders of the religious order and Goa's patron saint. His marble and jasper tomb stands near the main altar, with the glass-sided casket at such a height it offers only a glimpse of the relic inside.

The king of Portugal sent Francis Xavier to Goa in 1542 to bring Christianity to the colony. The missionary then continued east, dying off the coast of China. When his body was exhumed to be returned to Goa it showed no sign of decay and still remains surprisingly intact, though the right forearm was removed to a church in Rome.

Old Goa's other significant church stands across a main road, its white exterior gleaming under the tropical sun. Se Cathedral, one of the largest churches in Asia, looks as if it might be in Tuscany. Its cavernous interior contains the Chapel of the Cross of Miracles, where the faithful touch a huge wooden cross in prayer.

But just as the city of Old Goa has disappeared, that dark time of religious intolerance has passed.