1971
Minnesota Supreme Court rules it is not unconstitutional for the state to refuse a marriage license to same-sex couple Jack Baker and Mike McConnell (Baker vs. Nelson case).
1996
Congress passes, President Clinton signs "Defense of Marriage Act," which forbids federal government from recognizing same-sex marriages for the purpose of federal benefits such as Social Security.
1997
Minnesota Legislature passes "Defense of Marriage" bill, defining marriage as between a man and a woman. It is signed by Gov. Arne Carlson.
2003
Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court rules same-sex marriage is legal.