John Groos, special education pioneer, dies at 91

Wayne Tellekson of Minneapolis, a neighbor of John Groos, said it took a while before he realized Groos helped transform Minnesota's schools.

"He didn't talk about himself that way," Tellekson said. "He was kindly and quiet, but I didn't know he was once the state's director of special education."

Groos, 91, died Jan. 27 of congestive heart failure.

In 1966, as the state's director of special education, Groos was responsible for implementing the 1957 Special Education Law that required education services be provided for children and youths with disabilities.

Before then, school districts didn't have to serve children with disabilities. Visually impaired children went to their own state school. Any school that wanted state aid for students with disabilities needed to have at least five.

"Schools could choose to provide services or not, so some students were at home or institutionalized," said Robert Wedl, Minnesota's commissioner of education in the late 1990s. "John implemented the law, traveling around the state explaining to superintendents what needed to be done, talking to colleges about the need for special education teachers and launching in-service training sessions for teachers."

It wasn't easy. There was pushback from administrators, a teacher shortage and budgetary concerns. "People were concerned about how it would get done, but John had this calming effect. He'd lay out a plan, talk about how services were being put into place and identify where the resources were coming from," Wedl said. " 'You can only eat an elephant one bite at a time,' John would say."

His daughter-in-law Maria Groos of Minneapolis grew up in Guatemala. She was nervous about meeting her future father-in-law for the first time. She memorized how to say, "Hi, how are you," in English when she first met him but forgot it. "His smile said it all. We did not need to know the language," she said.

Norena Hale of Plymouth, who's written two books about the 1957 Special Education Law, said Groos was also an early advocate for affirmative action. "In a gentle way he kept pushing for women and minorities to be promoted," she said. Hale succeeded Groos as the state's director of special education after he retired in 1980.

Groos believed in empowering people, Wedl said. "Affirmative action was not a priority in the 1960s, but he put women and people of color in leadership positions."

Wedl said Groos' wife, Virginia, helped shape his ideas. "She was a feminist and a strong leader. She worked as an HR person and had a lot of influence on him," he said.

People described Groos as a person who preferred to listen rather than talk, especially to people who weren't always the center of attention. "In conversations about minorities or immigrants, it was clear that he wanted all of us to do a better job of taking care of people who don't have a big voice, the underdogs," Tellekson said.