Ready to tee off for a round of golf at the Hiawatha Golf Club, Jim Keegan pulled out his camera and snapped a photo of the golf cart he'd just rented.
"Nice logo," he said of the gold-on-green heraldic design. "And it's electric. They don't make as much noise."
That information became part of the scorecard that Keegan, a Colorado-based golf consultant, will turn in to the Minneapolis Park and Recreation Board as it tries to evaluate how its seven municipal courses might stand up against changing recreational tastes, a saturated market, demographic upheaval and plain old bad weather.
"It's long overdue," Park Board Superintendent Jayne Miller said of the study, which could lead to anything from expensive improvements to grounds and buildings to changes in the times of day reserved for golf leagues. "We've not invested in the golf courses. We haven't changed who we've served."
Though regarded as cheaper and more convenient than their suburban competitors, the Minneapolis courses have something in common with them: fewer players. Rounds of golf on Minneapolis' courses declined 42 percent between the late 1990s and 2011, with only a slight rise last year. The decline is expected to return when this year's numbers are tallied, with a season plagued by wintry weather in early May and heavy rains into July.
Minneapolis' municipal courses, like those in other cities, were so popular until about the mid-1990s that their revenues were helping support other park and recreation programs. "Cash cows" is how Miller described them. But in 2012, despite an unusually long season, they barely broke even, taking in $6.1 million but spending $5.6 million.
Indeed, if the park board wants to make costly improvements, Assistant Superintendent Bruce Chamberlain said he didn't know where the money would come from.
Nationally, more than 1,000 golf facilities closed in the past decade, according to the National Golf Foundation. More than 90 percent were public facilities, and 85 percent of those had playing fees of $40 or less — the profile of the Minneapolis courses.