From abdication to Diana, Harry and ex-Prince Andrew. A look at major British royal scandals

LONDON — Holding prestige but not power, Britain's monarchy is finely tuned to public sentiment.

That's been evident with the disgrace of Andrew Mountbatten Windsor, the former prince who was arrested and held in custody for nearly 11 hours Thursday on suspicion of misconduct in public office.

Police are investigating whether Mountbatten-Windsor shared confidential trade information with the late convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein when the then-Prince Andrew was a U.K. trade envoy. The arrest is unrelated to allegations related to Epstein's sex trafficking.

Mountbatten-Windsor has consistently denied any wrongdoing in his association with Epstein but has not commented on the most recent allegations, which stem from the release of millions of pages of Epstein files by the U.S. Justice Department.

For King Charles III, his younger brother's travails have overshadowed almost everything during his reign, now in its fourth year.

The king, who is also contending with an unspecified form of cancer, has to ensure that it is business as usual. The institution requires nothing less.

But the continuing investigations into Mountbatten-Windsor, the image of him slouched in the back of his chauffeur-driven car, seemingly shocked and confused, will not be easy to dislodge.

He has stripped Andrew of all his titles and honors and banished him from his mansion near Windsor Castle. Now, the king says, the law "must take its course.''

Where that course leads, nobody knows. For the British monarchy, it's potentially a crisis as grave as any it has experienced since its current iteration — the House of Windsor — was born more than a century ago.

World War I

The House of Windsor was born out of conflict.

The royal families of Europe are intertwined, and Britain's is heavily German, especially after Queen Victoria married Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, with whom she had nine children.

Britain's King George V changed the family name from Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to Windsor in 1917, and initiated legislation to strike out the titles of princes and lords who had backed the Germans.

One target was Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, who was a U.K. royal and also a prince of Hanover. His title was removed for being an enemy of Britain under the 1917 act, which was enacted in 1919, once the war was over.

According to the House of Commons Library, ''this was the first and only time such a title has been removed in this way.''

Mountbatten-Windsor is no longer a prince or Duke of York, but remains eighth in line to the throne. The current British government said Friday it is considering introducing legislation to remove Andrew from the line of succession to the crown.

The abdication

The prince became King Edward VIII when his father King George V died in early 1936. He continued to say he wanted to marry Simpson, despite the opposition of the British government.

Forced to choose between duty and passion, he gave up the throne in December 1936, announcing in a radio broadcast that ''I have found it impossible ... to discharge my duties as king as I would wish to do without the help and support of the woman I love.''

The news was a surprise to many in Britain, though not beyond it. British newspapers had not reported on the relationship, and American magazines had offending articles cut out before going on sale.

The abdication set the monarchy on a new course. Edward's younger brother took the throne as King George VI. He was succeeded by his daughter, Queen Elizabeth II, and after her 70-year reign by her son, King Charles III. All doubled down on the idea that the monarch's primary attribute should be a sense of duty — something Edward, in the popular imagination, lacked.

Edward and Wallis, thereafter the Duke and Duchess of Windsor and suspected by some of Nazi sympathies, were sent to the Bahamas, where he served as governor. After the war they mostly stayed away from Britain, living a life of nomadic luxury.

The death of Princess Diana — the ex-wife of Charles — in a car crash in Paris in 1997, at the age of 36, shocked the world and left her family, including sons William and Harry, then 15 and 12, in mourning.

The strength of public feeling caught the royal family by surprise. Mounds of floral tributes piled up outside the gates of Buckingham Palace and Diana's home at Kensington Palace to mourn a princess who had been ostracized by the royal family after her divorce from Charles in 1992.

The queen was at Balmoral in Scotland on her summer holiday with her husband Prince Philip, Charles, William and Harry. The family kept their grief private and stuck to routine — taking the ashen-faced boys to church on Sunday morning — and the queen did not issue a statement for several days.

She was advised to make a public display of grief by Prime Minister Tony Blair, who perfectly caught the public mood with his own tribute calling Diana ''the people's princess.''

After newspaper headlines urging ''Speak to us Ma'am,'' and ''Show us you care,'' the queen made a live televised address to the nation on the eve of Diana's funeral.

The trouble with Harry

Not long ago, Andrew had been trying to regain favor with the family, benefiting indirectly from the trouble with Prince Harry.

Harry became estranged from his father and older brother, Prince William, heir to the throne, when he and his wife, Meghan, stepped down from their working roles and moved to California in 2020. The couple famously aired their grievances with the royal family in a tell-all interview to Oprah Winfrey and a revealing Netflix series. Harry then fueled the tensions by revealing personal conversations in his memoir, ''Spare.''

Harry also broke from royal protocol in turning to the courts to sort out his legal problems. He became the first senior royal to testify in court in more than a century in his successful phone hacking lawsuit against the Daily Mirror.

A failed legal effort to restore his police protection detail that was stripped from him when he left royal work, though, was seen as an attack on his father's government.

It lasted less than an hour.

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