Five ways to encourage young adventurers

A longtime backpacker, climber and skier, author Michael Lanza, along with his 9-year-old son and 7-year-old daughter, embarked on a yearlong trip through our national parks. It was an ambitious adventure designed to immerse them in the natural world and to learn more about the effect climate change was having on these important landscapes. He chronicled the journey in his book "Before They're Gone: A Family's Year-Long Quest to Explore America's Most Endangered National Parks" (Beacon Press).

Here, he shares five ways to encourage the next generation of outdoor adventurers.

A slew of experts agree that regular, unstructured outside play is critical for a child's healthy development.

To that end, "Kick them out of the house," advises Lanza. "Kids today often want to play indoors where the electronics are. Insist they play outside — but also, give them the freedom to roam within boundaries appropriate for their ages. That way, they can explore and not get bored."

It also helps to plan regular activity as a family: cross-country or downhill skiing, hiking on local trails, biking, even walking around your neighborhood or local community, Lanza advises.

When the time is right for adventure, take baby steps. "Begin with short hikes and gradually work up to longer outings," says Lanza, who gathered personal experience as a field editor with Backpacker magazine. "Evaluate your child's readiness for something new based not just on its physical difficulty, but how well your child handled previous experiences that presented comparable stress."

Lanza's yearlong trip included sea kayaking and wilderness camping in Glacier Bay, Alaska. He determined that his children were ready for such an outing because they had previously backpacked, rock-climbed, floated and camped on a wilderness river, and cross-country-skied through snowstorms.

(Contact: nps.gov/glba.)

Lanza believes in one important rule: no whining. "Tell your children they can talk about any situation they're not happy with, but draw the line at complaining just to complain. Everyone will be happier."

At the same time, he advises including them in the decisionmaking process, so they have a sense of control over their own fate, which, he says, goes a long way toward relieving stress, no matter what the age.

"Welcome their questions and address their concerns," Lanza said. "Make sure they know that you won't ask them to do anything they are not comfortable with, and that you will provide whatever help they need."

According to Lanza, Grand Teton, Yosemite, Zion, Glacier and Rocky Mountain National Parks all offer hiking and backpacking options that are ideal for beginners and families, with easy to moderately difficult days and simple logistics.

Whether rock-climbing in Joshua Tree National Park, cross-country skiing in Yellowstone or canoeing in the Everglades with his kids, Lanza made a point to be flexible.

Taking children on an outdoor adventure, especially younger ones, does not always go according to plan. Young kids want to throw rocks in a creek and play in the mud.

Lanza's advice: "Let them. But explain that there will be time for playing, but also a time for hiking."

Meanwhile, parents should "focus on the journey rather than the destination," Lanza says. "And have Plan B at the ready."

(Contact: nps.gov; visitcalifornia.com; visitmt.com; visitflorida.com.)