FACT FOCUS: Trump highlights familiar false claims as he reviews his first year back in office

President Donald Trump marked his first year back in office highlighting his accomplishments before world leaders in Davos, Switzerland, on Wednesday and during an appearance in the White House press briefing room Tuesday, making false and misleading claims about the state of the U.S. economy, Greenland, foreign policy, energy and other topics.

For example, he repeated the falsehood that the 2020 election was rigged, despite overwhelming evidence proving otherwise and exaggerated his role in resolving international conflicts, claiming to have settled eight wars.

Here's a closer look at the facts.

Trump falsely says the U.S. gave away Greenland after World War II

TRUMP, referencing World War II: ''After the war, we gave Greenland back to Denmark. How stupid were we to do that?"

THE FACTS: Greenland never belonged to the U.S., so no Washington administration or Congress ever could have given it away.

Denmark made Greenland a formal colony in 1814. The U.S. recognized Denmark's right to the whole of the island in 1916 as part of a bilateral agreement, maintained in State Department archives, that also involved the U.S. purchasing the Danish Virgin Islands for $25 million in gold.

After the war, Denmark was ready to cement a long-term deal for U.S. military presence in Greenland as called for in 1941. President Harry Truman offered to buy Greenland instead for $100 million in gold — another explicit U.S. acknowledgment that Denmark retained control of the island. Denmark refused, and the two governments negotiated a long-term lease agreement for U.S. operations, culminating in the 1951 Defense Agreement, which has been updated over succeeding decades.

Greenland became self-governing in 2009 under a home-rule agreement that has kept defense and foreign affairs under Denmark's control.

Economic improvements overstated

TRUMP: ''After 12 months back in the White House, our economy is booming. Growth is exploding. Productivity is surging. Investment is soaring. Incomes are rising.''

THE FACTS: One year into Trump's second term in office, the economy is growing at a solid clip and unemployment remains low, but many other aspects fall short of a boom.

Companies have sharply reduced hiring, which limits the ability of employees to get raises. After-tax income, adjusted for inflation, rose just 1.5% in September 2025 from a year earlier, down from a 2.8% annual pace in September 2024. ___ TRUMP: ''Under the Biden administration, America was plagued by the nightmare of stagflation, meaning low growth and high inflation, a recipe for misery, failure and decline. But now, after just one year of my policies, we are witnessing the exact opposite — virtually no inflation.''

THE FACTS: Trump is wrong to say that the economy endured ''stagflation'' — a painful combination of stagnant economic growth and high inflation last seen in the 1970s — during the Biden administration.

It's true that inflation surged in the first half of Biden's term. But the economy proved resilient, defying predictions of a recession as the Federal Reserve raised interest rates to rein in higher prices. Gross domestic product — the nation's output of goods and services — expanded at healthy rates throughout the Biden presidency: 6.2% in 2021 as the economy recovered from COVID-19 lockdowns, 2.5% in 2022, 2.9% in 2023 and 2.8% in 2024.

In addition, Inflation had been falling during the first few months of Trump's presidency, but it picked back up after the president announced his tariffs in April. It was at 2.7% as of December 2025.

Trump renews his criticism of NATO

THE FACTS: The primary purpose of NATO, as spelled out in Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty, is for the common defense of member nations.

''In the history of NATO, Article 5 has been invoked just once, and that was in response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the United States," according to the ''Why NATO Matters'' section of the U.S. Mission to NATO's website.

The treaty, signed in 1949, states that ''an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all'' and that member nations will ''assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force'' in response to the aggressor.

The North Atlantic Council, NATO's governing body, met that night and issued a statement of commitment to the U.S. cause: ''At this critical moment, the United States can rely on its 18 Allies in North America and Europe for assistance and support. NATO solidarity remains the essence of our Alliance. Our message to the people of the United States is that we are with you. Our message to those who perpetrated these unspeakable crimes is equally clear: you will not get away with it.''

The Council voted a day later to commit to whatever specific military actions ''may be required as a consequence of these acts of barbarism.'' NATO quickly launched multiple responses, including its first counter-terrorism efforts and its first operations beyond the North Atlantic zone of the original alliance.

He did not settle eight wars

TRUMP: ''You have to understand, I settled eight wars.''

THE FACTS: This statistic, which Trump frequently cites as one of his accomplishments, is highly exaggerated. Although he has helped mediate relations among many nations, his impact isn't as clear-cut as he makes it seem.

The conflicts Trump counts among those that he has solved are between Israel and Hamas, Israel and Iran, Egypt and Ethiopia, India and Pakistan, Serbia and Kosovo, Rwanda and Congo, Armenia and Azerbaijan, and Cambodia and Thailand.

There is far more work that remains before any declaration of an end to the war in Gaza and although Trump is credited with ending the 12-day war between Israel and Iran, this can be seen as a temporary respite from an ongoing cold war. Fresh fighting broke out last month between Cambodia and Thailand, and between Congolese forces and Rwanda-backed rebels.

Friction between Egypt and Ethiopia over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam is best described as heightened tensions, not war. There has been no threat of war between Serbia and Kosovo during Trump's second term, nor has he made any significant contribution to improving relations in his first year back in the White House.

False claims about energy production

TRUMP: ''There are windmills all over Europe. There are windmills all over the place and they are losers. One thing I've noticed is that the more windmills a country has, the more money that country loses and the worse that country's doing.''

THE FACTS: Onshore wind is one of the cheapest sources of electricity generation, with new wind farms expected to produce around $30 per megawatt hour, according to July estimates from the Energy Information Administration. This compares to a new natural gas plant, around $65 per megawatt hour, or a new advanced nuclear reactor, which runs over $80. Offshore wind is among the sources of new power generation that will cost the most to build and operate, at $88 per megawatt hour, the EIA said in July.

The U.K. has gone big on wind in 2026, securing 8.4 gigawatts of offshore wind energy in a European auction this month — the biggest single procurement in British and European history and enough clean electricity to power the equivalent of over 12 million homes. This has made the cost of offshore wind 40% cheaper to build and operate than new gas, according to the U.K. government.

TRUMP, speaking Tuesday: ''I say clean, beautiful coal. I never say the word coal, it has to be preceded by the words clean, beautiful coal.''

THE FACTS: The production of coal is cleaner now than it has been historically, but that doesn't mean it's clean.

Trump, however, continually omits this crucial context.

Planet-warming carbon dioxide emissions from the coal industry have decreased over the past 30 years, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration. And yet United Nations-backed research has found that coal production worldwide still needs to be reduced sharply to address climate change.

Along with carbon dioxide, burning coal emits sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides that contribute to acid rain, smog and respiratory illnesses, according to the EIA.

Misrepresentation of U.S. election results

TRUMP, on the 2024 election: ''When I won in a landslide, a giant landslide, won all seven swing states, won the popular vote, won everything.''

THE FACTS: Trump's margin of victory in the 2024 election was not as large as he makes it seem. He won the electoral vote 312 to 226, including all seven swing states, according to the Federal Election Commission. The popular vote, however, was far closer, with Trump receiving 49.8% of the vote with 77,302,580 votes cast to Harris' 75,017,613 votes (48.32%)

That's a difference of 2,284,967 votes. In 2020, Joe Biden defeated Trump by more than 7 million votes.

Trump won fewer electoral votes in 2024 than Democrats Barack Obama in 2008 (365) and 2012 (332) and Bill Clinton in 1992 (370) and 1996 (379). The electoral performance of those presidents pales in comparison with the sweeps by Franklin Roosevelt in 1936 (523), Lyndon Johnson in 1964 (486), Richard Nixon in 1972 (520) and Ronald Reagan in 1984 (525).

TRUMP, referencing former President Joe Biden: ''... a man that didn't win the election, by the way, it's a rigged election. Everybody knows that now.

THE FACTS: This is a blatant falsehood that has been disproven many times over — the 2020 election was not stolen. Biden earned 306 electoral votes to Trump's 232. He also won over 7 million more popular votes than Trump.

But Trump has been persistent in claiming that he won the 2020 race since its completion, even after he earned a second term in 2024, and has continued to claim the lead-up to the 2026 midterms.

Biden's Electoral College victory was nearly the same margin that Trump had in 2016 when he beat Hillary Clinton 227 to 306 (304 after two electors defected). Biden triumphed by prevailing in key states such as Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, Arizona and Georgia.

Allegations from Trump of massive voting fraud have been refuted by a variety of judges, state election officials and an arm of his own administration's Homeland Security Department. In 2020, then-Attorney General William Barr, a Trump appointee, told the AP that no proof of widespread voter fraud had been uncovered. ''To date, we have not seen fraud on a scale that could have effected a different outcome in the election,'' he said at the time.

Associated Press writers Matthew Daly and Paul Wiseman in Washington, Bill Barrow in Atlanta, Danica Kirka in London, and Jennifer McDermott in Providence, Rhode Island, contributed to this report.

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