ECB official: bond purchase plan aims to carry out monetary policy, not help governments

KARLSRUHE, Germany — A top European Central Bank official rejected accusations that the bank had exceeded its powers while fighting the financial crisis, telling Germany's supreme court its bond-buying program was only a tool to ensure that its monetary policy works.

The Federal Constitutional Court was holding a second day of hearings to weigh allegations that the ECB's plan to purchase government bonds amounted to financing for governments, which is illegal for the central bank. Critics also say it exposes taxpayers to potential losses and threatens the ECB's independence.

Joerg Asmussen told the eight judges that the program is not meant to rescue governments in the 17-country eurozone but only to help the ECB conduct its monetary policy. It is tasked with keeping inflation close to but below 2 percent.

The bond purchase plan, agreed Sept. 6, is an offer by the ECB to buy the bonds of a government in trouble, provided they apply for that help and agree to a program of reforms in return. The program — which no government has tapped so far — helped lower bond market interest rates, which in troubled countries like Spain were far higher than in financially stronger ones like Germany.

Experts say the program — dubbed Outright Monetary Transactions, or OMT — was crucial in easing Europe's crisis over too much debt by giving leaders time to fix their finances.

Asmussen, a former German deputy finance minister who now serves on the bank's executive board, said the program helped the ECB's monetary policy function properly. That's because the high borrowing rates in financially troubled countries were preventing the ECB's low interest rates from helping the economy there. Such high borrowing rates were blocking the transmission of the ECB's policies throughout the eurozone.

"The goal of OMT is to remove the disturbed transmission mechanism," Asmussen told the judges. "It is not the goal to keep states from insolvency."

The plaintiffs include a backbench lawmaker with Chancellor Angela Merkel's conservative bloc, a group of professors, a citizen's group and a left-wing opposition party.

The court is also hearing arguments regarding Germany's participation in the European Stability Mechanism, a bailout fund that can rescue troubled states with loans. In a preliminary ruling last year, the court indicated most aspects of Germany's backing for the ESM were in accord with the country's constitution.

The court could in theory bar Germany and its institutions from participating in the rescue measures, a step which could call Germany's role in the euro currency union into question.

Analysts say that is highly unlikely, but the court could add conditions to German participation that could add to uncertainty about its credibility in calming financial markets. Or the judges could refer issues to the European Court of Justice. The ECB, as an EU institution, is not being sued directly in the case.