Golden shiners, a shimmering live bait favored by winter walleye anglers, are at the center of an escalating policy dispute between bait shops barred from importing the minnows and fisheries managers upholding the ban as a critical defense against fish disease and invasive carp.
For years, the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has prevailed in arguments over the ban, which prevents Minnesota bait dealers from buying the shiners from other states, including the bountiful fish farm industry of Arkansas. Baby Asian carp are difficult to distinguish from golden shiners, and the DNR also fears accidental travel of viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS), a deadly infectious fish disease that has been moving from state to state.
But now the state's 500 to 800 bait dealers have a powerful ally in the state Senate who says she is convinced that Arkansas minnows are "bio-secure" and worthy of Minnesota bait buckets.
"We'll prove this is a really good idea," said Sen. Carrie Ruud, R-Breezy Point, chairwoman of the Senate Environment and Natural Resources Policy and Legacy Finance Committee. "If we want to expand and support fishing in Minnesota, we have to do a better job."
In a letter last week to Senate leaders, DNR Commissioner Tom Landwehr included the minnow controversy as one of several "problematic policy items" that deserves its own debate and should not be part of the budget bill dominating the DNR agenda this year at the Capitol.
"Allowing the importation of golden shiner minnows … will present a serious risk of introductions of environmentally devastating invasive species,'' Landwehr wrote.
In a 2013 report to the Legislature, the DNR concluded that the importation of live minnows — even for feeding to hatchery fish — would be a high-risk potential pathway to inland lakes for black carp, bighead carp, grass carp and silver carp, all designated as prohibited invasive species in Minnesota.
The report also showed how golden shiners occupy a hearty niche of the state's annual minnow sales. Of the 195,000 pounds of minnows sold in Minnesota in 2011, 6 percent were golden shiners, the report said. The statewide trade is dominated (75 percent) by the sale of fathead minnows, and golden shiners rank third in sales behind white suckers.