There are ways to manage the stink and waste runoff from huge concentrated animal farms, but it requires extra equipment and costs that the owner is not going to be willing to do, unless they're forced to do it ("Hog-lot fight looms along Lake Superior," Aug. 13).
For example, the stink from all of the manure can be managed by using plug flow methane digesters that produce odorless compost. The methane from the digester can be burned in a microturbine generator to produce heat and electricity for the farm.
Runoff can be managed with an impermeable clay-lined ditch surrounding the farm. The collected wastewater is used in the methane digester, then passed through an artificial wetland on the farm property, which then produces clean water to be released from the farm or reused onsite again.
However, due to the proposed hog farm being so far north, an artificial wetland is going to freeze solid in the winter and will be ineffective. It can be kept warm and productive by putting large, clear-span greenhouse roofs over the ponds. Also, there would be plenty of waste heat from the farm, both from the methane burning and just from the animal body heat, so it would be possible to heat the wetland during the winter.
Doing all this would protect groundwater and keep the peace with neighbors by controlling smell, but it is an added expense for the farm owner that will cut into profit.
Dale Mahalko, Gilman, Wis.
BAILOUTS
Situations change, and businesses must adapt
Bailouts for businesses such as turkey farmers and resort owners are not just a slippery slope (Minnesota section, Aug. 13), it's insanity. Do you suppose that in the middle of the 19th century as beaver hats became less popular and as we nearly drove beavers to extinction, the government would have given the Hudson Bay Co. a bailout? Or as travel modes changed that we considered giving the world's largest stagecoach operator, Wells Fargo, a bailout? No. They were forced to change their business models.
We are in the 21st century. We need to face the fact that some business models are outdated and unsustainable. Rather than supporting old models, let's prop up some of the more sustainable models like small organic farms and new forms of energy.
Katheryn Schneider, St. Paul
• • •