Not ready for robots in homes? The maker of a friendly new humanoid thinks it might change your mind

NEW YORK — As the new robot called Sprout walks around a Manhattan office, nodding its rectangular head, lifting its windshield wiper-like ''eyebrows'' and offering to shake your hand with its grippers, it looks nothing like the sleek and intimidating humanoids built by companies like Tesla.

Sprout's charm is the point. A 5-year-old child could comfortably talk at eye level with this humanoid, which stands 3.5 feet (1 meter) tall and wears a soft, padded exterior of sage-green foam.

Forged by stealth startup Fauna Robotics over two years of secret research and development, Sprout's public debut on Tuesday aims to jump-start a whole new industry of building ''approachable'' robots for homes, schools and social spaces.

The robot is in many ways the first of its kind, at least in the United States, even as rapid advances in artificial intelligence and robot engineering have finally made it possible to start building such machines. If its emotive expressions and blinking lights seem vaguely familiar, it might be from generations of Star Wars droids and other endearingly clunky robotic sidekicks dreamed up in animation studios and children's literature.

''Most people in this industry take inspiration from the science fiction that we grew up with,'' said Fauna Robotics co-founder and CEO Rob Cochran. ''I think some do so from ‘Westworld' and ‘Terminator.' We do from WALL-E and Baymax and Rosie Jetson.''

Making a business case for robots that won't work in car assembly lines

The usual hypothesis for the commercialization of humanoid robots is that they will get their first jobs in warehouses or factories long before they are ready for homes. That's the path proposed for two of today's best-known prototypes: Tesla's Optimus, which CEO Elon Musk sees as the carmaker's future, and Boston Dynamics' Atlas, which parent company Hyundai plans to deploy in car manufacturing by 2028.

That's a price some university research labs and technology entrepreneurs are already spending on China's Unitree, which sells a lightweight humanoid often seen at robotics conferences and competitions. Others have avoided Chinese hardware due to tariffs and broader security concerns.

Cochran believes Fauna is ''the first American company to be actively shipping robots as a developer platform'' and has been hand-delivering the first models. Early customers include Disney and Boston Dynamics.

''You take it out of the box and you can start walking it around immediately,'' said Marc Theermann, chief strategy officer at Boston Dynamics, in a recent interview. ''Seeing their robot for the first time really lets you see the future a little bit. And if you squint, you can see how a robot like that would be welcomed into people's homes.''

Inside the testing grounds for a ‘friendly humanoid' robot

Sprout can't lift heavy objects, but it can dance the Twist or the Floss, grab a toy block or teddy bear, or hoist itself from a chair to take a long stroll along the wood floors of Fauna's headquarters in New York City's Flatiron District.

It walks slowly but steadily on uneven ground. Only once it came close to tripping, taking a sharp turn to avoid a person and instead hitting its foot on a protruding table wheel too low to the ground to be seen by Sprout's camera eyes. But the robot, built to handle what engineers call perturbation, quickly recovered its balance and kept walking, much like a clumsy person might.

''If you step in front of it, it won't crash into you, it'll plan a new path around you,'' said Ana Pervan, a Fauna research scientist who works on the robot's mapping and navigation. Among the first batch of Fauna's 50 employees, and a fan of science fiction writer Isaac Asimov, she previously worked on self-driving cars but was excited about joining a startup building something that might one day serve as a robot butler.

''It's cute, and it's not too humanoid, and I think that actually makes it a lot more fun,'' Pervan said. ''It's not verging on creepy or trying to be too human. It's like your buddy, your pal, that's a different thing than you.''

Why Fauna's founders believe now's the time to bet on humanoids

Starting a robot company can be unforgiving, especially one designing personal robots. One of the few successes, Roomba vacuum maker iRobot, had a decades-long run before filing for bankruptcy protection last month.

''There were a lot of really brilliant attempts. I think the technology wasn't quite there,'' Cochran said. ''I do think we're right on the precipice now where you could build a companion that is present, engaging, delightful to be around, and can also move around a space in a way that nothing ever has before.''

Merel, an expert in robot locomotion, previously worked for Google's DeepMind, where he focused on teaching robots using AI learning techniques in simulated environments, a controversial approach but now increasingly how robots are built. The science journal Nature published his study on an AI-powered virtual rat, co-authored with another of Fauna's research scientists, Diego Aldarondo.

Cochran and Merel later worked together at CTRL-labs, a wearable neurotech company sold to Facebook in 2019. Cochran jokes that he then ''spent a misguided four years at Goldman Sachs'' before they decided to team up again.

Improvements in AI, motors and batteries have accelerated humanoid development. But Fauna's founders agreed that the dystopian aesthetic of many prototypes — what Cochran calls ''industrial automotive machismo'' — conveyed strength and confidence but wouldn't work for intimate human spaces.

''They were generally quite big and physically dangerous to be around,'' Cochran said. ''Strong, heavy. If they fell on you, it'd be a real problem.''

''Let's build a system that human beings actually want to be around,'' said Moschella, now Fauna's vice president of hardware. ''I think it's incredible that so many robotics companies are not versed in the cultural context of what it means to be around a robot.''