Mexico finds the devil is in the details with laws against gender-based attacks on women politicians

MEXICO CITY — In a U.S. electoral campaign punctuated by jibes about ''childless cat ladies,'' some might wish there were rules against mocking candidates based on their gender. Mexico — which just elected its first female president — has such a law but, surprise, it's not that easy.

The debate centers around a hard-fought race between two female candidates for a Mexico City borough presidency. An electoral court overturned an opposition candidate's victory, ruling that she had committed ''gender-based political violence'' against the losing, ruling-party candidate.

Outgoing President Andrés Manuel López Obrador suggested Monday the ruling could create a dangerous precedent, even though the losing candidate belonged to his own Morena party.

''We should be careful about this,'' López Obrador said. ''When insults, real or imagined, can be cause, or could be a cause, for overturning or nullifying a victory, that is something else altogether.''

The dispute arose after opposition candidate Alessandra Rojo won a narrow victory over Morena's Caty Monreal in the race for the borough that includes downtown Mexico City. During the campaign, Rojo brought up the fact that Monreal's father, Ricardo Monreal, is a leading Morena party politician, suggesting she may have been the candidate because of her dad's influence.

The court ruled last week that the comment violated a Mexican electoral law that prohibits ''slandering, insulting or seeking to disqualify a female candidate based on gender stereotypes,'' in this case, beliefs that women succeed in politics based on their husbands' or fathers' political power.

It brings up obvious comparisons to U.S. politics, and the digs by Ohio Sen. JD Vance, the Republican vice presidential candidate, about ''childless cat ladies'' with allegedly no stake in America's future. It is unclear whether that could be perceived as a dig at Vice President Kamala Harris.

It also brought up uncomfortable aspects of limits on free speech, or how one female can be accused of committing gender violence against another.

Rojo has vowed to appeal the ruling, saying she is fighting ''so that never again can the struggle and fight against gender-based political violence be used as a weapon against the very thing they are trying to protect, the rights of all women who participate'' in politics.

Caty Monreal wrote in her social media accounts that ''saying that I'm a puppet ... violence cannot be disguised as freedom of expression.''

Julia Zulver, a Mexico-based expert on gender violence for the Swedish Defence University, said a much-needed law may have become politicized, noting exclusion and repression of women is ''a vast and serious problem in Mexico, and should be taken seriously.'' ‎

''The way gendered violence is being spoken about and politically mobilized here is a little concerning,'' Zulver said. ''It dilutes the power of a law to protect against a real problem.''

Mexico has long been plagued by ''machismo'' and violence against women, which can range from comments on the street to, in its most extreme form, acid attacks and brutal slayings of women. Critics say dismissive speech about female candidates perpetuates harmful narratives that can turn deadly in real life.

López Obrador was himself accused of gender-based political violence during the run-up to this year's presidential campaign by opposition candidate Xóchitl Gálvez, after the president claimed she had been chosen by a group of conservative men who propped her up.