Biden health officials say they built up US pandemic defenses. Trump promises changes

NEW YORK — The Biden administration on Tuesday released a ''roadmap'' for maintaining government defenses against infectious diseases, just as President-elect Donald Trump pledges to dismantle some of them.

The 16-page report recaps steps taken in the last four years against COVID-19, mpox and other diseases, including vaccination efforts and the use of wastewater and other measures to spot signs of erupting disease outbreaks. It's a public version of a roughly 300-page pandemic-prevention playbook that Biden officials say they are providing to the incoming administration.

Biden officials touted the steps they took to halt or prevent disease threats, but some public heath researchers offer a more mixed assessment of the administration's efforts. Several experts, for example, said not nearly enough has been done to make sure an expanding bird flu pandemic in animals doesn't turn into a global health catastrophe for people.

''Overwhelmingly you've heard a lot of frustration by outside experts that we've been under-reacting to what we see as really serious threat,'' said Jennifer Nuzzo, director of the Pandemic Center at the Brown University School of Public Health.

Public health experts worry the next administration could do less

Trump and his team plan to slash government spending, and Trump has endorsed prominent vaccine detractors for top government health posts. During the campaign last year, Trump told Time magazine that he would disband the White House office focused on pandemic preparedness, calling it "a very expensive solution to something that won't work."

Public health researchers also point to Trump's first administration, when the White House in 2018 dismantled a National Security Council pandemic unit. When COVID-19 hit two years later, the government's disjointed response prompted some experts to argue that the unit could have helped a faster and more uniform response.

Officials with the Trump transition team did not respond to emails requesting information about its pandemic planning.

Many public health experts praise Trump for '' Operation Warp Speed, '' which helped spur the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines. But several also noted that decades of planning and research under previous administrations laid the groundwork for it.

What do Biden officials say they accomplished?

COVID-19 vaccines did not start to trickle out to the public until after Biden defeated Trump in the 2020 election, and it was the Biden administration that stood up what it describes as the largest free vaccination program in U.S. history.

''President Biden came to office amidst the worst public health crisis in more than a century," said Dr. Paul Friedrichs, director of the White House Office of Pandemic Preparedness and Response Policy, in a statement. "He partnered with stakeholders across the nation and turned it around, ending the pandemic and saving countless lives."

What has been done to prepare for bird flu and other threats?

The pandemic office, which released the report Tuesday, said it has taken steps to fight bird flu, which has been spreading among animal species in scores of countries in the last few years.

The virus was detected in U.S. dairy herds in March. At least 66 people in the U.S. have been diagnosed with infections, the vast majority of them dairy or poultry workers who had mild infections. But that count includes an elderly Louisiana man who died.

Among other steps, the administration is stockpiling 10 million doses of vaccine that is considered effective against the strain that's been circulating in U.S. cattle, and spent $176 million to develop mRNA vaccines that could quickly be adapted to mutations in the virus, with late stage trials "beginning shortly," the document says.

Having measures in place to quickly develop and mass produce new vaccines is crucial, said Michael Osterholm, a University of Minnesota expert on infectious diseases.

The U.S. should maintain collaborations that train disease investigators in other countries to detect emerging infections, public health experts say.

''We have to continue to invest in surveillance in areas where we think these infectious agents are likely to emerge,'' said Ian Lipkin, an infectious diseases researcher at New York's Columbia University.

''I'm hoping that the Trump administration — as they are concerned about people coming across the border who may be infected with this or that or the other thing — will see the wisdom in trying to make sure that we do surveillance in areas where we think there's a large risk,'' he said.

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