Bhumjaithai Party's election victory signals a conservative shift in Thailand's politics

BANGKOK — Thailand's political parties were considering their options Monday after the conservative Bhumjaithai Party's decisive election victory showed that voters chose stability over change, analysts said.

''This will be the first time in the 21st century that a conservative party has won the most seats in a general election, and it is a seismic shift in Thai politics,'' Ken Lohatepanont, a University of Michigan doctoral candidate, remarked in his online newsletter about Thai politics.

Electoral politics since 2001 had been dominated by populist parties loyal to billionaire Thaksin Shinawatra, who served as prime minister until he was ousted by an army coup in 2006, setting off a tussle for power against Thailand's conservative royalist-military establishment.

Looking for coalition partners

''In the short term, the signs point toward continuity, consolidation, and a relatively smooth transition into government — much to the bitterness of reformist and progressive forces,'' said Napon Jatusripitak, director of the Center for Politics and Geopolitics at Thailand Future, a Bangkok-based think tank.

Bhumjaithai won 193 seats in the 500-member House of Representatives, positioning it to form the next government and return incumbent Prime Minister Anutin Charnvirakul to office. However, it will still need to recruit coalition partners to attain the 251 House votes required to elect the prime minister.

While the progressive People's Party, which finished second with 118 seats, has ruled out joining a Bhumjaithai coalition, the populist Pheu Thai Party, in third place with 74 seats, has left the possibility open. Bhumjaithai has not yet revealed its intentions.

Bhumjaithai's surge in popularity followed its self-presentation as a ''defender of the nation'' during the Thailand-Cambodia border conflict, which strengthened nationalist sentiment among voters, said Purawich Watanasukh, a political scientist at Bangkok's Thammasat University.

Thailand twice last year fought with Cambodia over competing territorial claims along their border.

He said a second aspect that gave Bhumjaithai a big boost was strategic alliances it made with regional power brokers who for decades have been carrying out voter-canvassing in rural villages.

At the same time, Bhumjaithai expanded beyond its rural roots by appointing accomplished technocrats to Anutin's government, said Kevin Hewison, a senior Thai scholar, making the party more appealing to the middle class.

The reformists seen as out of step with the new nationalism

While it captured all 33 seats in Bangkok on Sunday and easily topped the separate party preference ballot, its calls for reform of the military's role in politics apparently did not resonate with the nationalist sentiment prevailing at the time of the border conflict with Cambodia.

That position had been popular at the time of the 2023 election, when voters appeared tired of nine years of uninspired military-dominated governments.

Looking ahead, the People's Party is facing the same kind of trouble that brought down Move Forward, which was dissolved by the Constitutional Court in 2024.

The National Anti-Corruption Commission on Monday ruled that 44 former lawmakers from Move Forward committed a serious ethical violation by attempting to propose an amendment to a law that criminalizes defamation of the monarchy.

The 44 include People's Party executives and its leader, Natthaphong Ruengpanyawut. The ruling will be forwarded to the Supreme Court, which could bar them from political activity and holding public office.

The Pheu Thai Party faces an uncertain future after suffering its worst performance in decades, even losing its traditional stronghold in Chiang Mai, patron Thaksin's hometown.

It alienated some pro-democracy supporters in 2023 by breaking its campaign promise not to align with pro-military parties and instead forming a government with them.

It also angered conservatives when then-Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra, Thaksin's daughter, was found to be too chummy with Cambodia's leader Hun Sen in a leaked phone call last year. She was kicked out of office for an ethics violation, giving Anutin his chance to take her place.