As tensions flare on Israel-Lebanon border, war-torn communities struggle to rebuild

METULA, Israel — Ilan Rosenfeld walks through the burnt-out shell of his former business, stepping over crackling pieces of clay plates that used to line his cafe and past metal scraps of Hezbollah rockets littering the rubble.

It's all that's left for him in this small, war-ravaged town — the northernmost in Israel, surrounded on three sides by Lebanon.

''Everything I had, everything I saved, everything I built – it's all burned,'' he said as he scanned the damage of the business he'd run for 40 years in Metula, which has long been at the crosshairs of flare-ups along the volatile border. ''Every day I wake up, and all I have left are tears.''

Rosenfeld was among tens of thousands of people forced from their homes when war broke out between Israel and the militant group Hezbollah in October 2023, following Hamas' attack in southern Israel.

One year into a shaky ceasefire on this heavily fortified border, Israel's government says most of those displaced have returned to their homes in the north, where they struggle to pick up the pieces of their lives. Others are reluctant to come back, as Israel has stepped up attacks in Lebanon. Communities like Metula that were in the center of the conflict remain little more than ghost towns, most still half empty, with many people skeptical of their government's promise to keep them safe.

The Israeli strikes into southern Lebanon continue, with several a week. Hezbollah has refused to completely disarm until Israel fully withdraws.

''The security situation is starting to deteriorate again,'' Rosenfeld said, looking at the bomb shelters on a list recently distributed by the local government. ''And where am I in all this? I can barely survive the day-to-day.''

Metula residents were among the 64,000 forced to evacuate and relocate to hotels and temporary homes farther south when Hezbollah began firing rockets over the border into Israel in fall 2023. Months of fighting escalated into a full-fledged war. In September 2024, Israel killed 12 and wounded over 3,000 in a coordinated pager attack and killed Hezbollah's leader in a strike. A month later, the ceasefire deal was reached.

Today, residents have trickled back to the sprawling apple orchards and mountains as Israel's government encourages them to go home. Officials say about 55,000 people have returned.

In Metula, just over half of the 1,700 residents are back. Yet the streets remain largely empty.

Many hoped to rebuild their lives, but they returned to find 60% of the town's homes damaged from rocket fire, according to the local government. Others were infested and destroyed by rats. The economy — largely based on tourism and agriculture — has been devastated.

With many people, especially young families, reluctant to return, some business owners have turned to workers from Thailand to fill labor shortages.

Rosenfeld's modest cafe and farm were perched on a hill overlooking the border fence. Tourists would come to eat, camp in buses converted to rooms and enjoy the view. But now, the towns on the Lebanese side of the border have been reduced to rubble by Israel's attacks.

Without a home, Rosenfeld sleeps in a small shelter next to the scraps that remain of his business. He has little more than a tent, a refrigerator and a few chairs. Just a stone's throw away sit a military watch tower and two armored vehicles.

Israel's government says it has invested hundreds of millions of dollars in border recovery efforts, that it plans to invest more in economic revival, and that residents can apply for support funds.

But Rosenfeld said that despite his requests for government assistance, he hasn't received any aid.

He's among residents and business leaders who say they feel forgotten. Most say they need more resources to rebuild.

A spokesman for Zeev Elkin, a Cabinet minister overseeing reconstruction in the north, said the local government has not used funds allocated to reconstruction ''due to narrow political and oppositional considerations.''

Hezbollah-Israel tensions are flaring

As Hezbollah refuses to disarm, Israel has accused Lebanon's government of not doing enough to neutralize the militant group. The Lebanese army says it has boosted its presence over the border area to strengthen the ceasefire.

Israel continues to bombard what it says are Hezbollah sites. Much of southern Lebanon has been left in ruins.

The strikes are among a number of offensives Israel has launched – including those in Gaza, the West Bank and Syria – in what it calls an effort to crack down on militant groups.

Last week, Israel struck the southern suburbs of the Lebanese capital of Beirut, killing Hezbollah's top military commander. The group, still weakened by last year's fighting, has not responded.

‘The army cannot protect me'

In Metula, signs of the tensions are everywhere. The local government's list of public shelters reads: ''Metula is prepared for an emergency.''

Explosions and gunfire periodically echo from military drills while farmer Levav Weinberg plays with his 10-, 8- and 6-year-old children. Weinberg, a military reservist, said his kids are too scared to ride their bikes on the street.

Weinberg, 44, and his family returned in July, skeptical of the government's promise that everything was returning to normal but eager to keep their business alive.

''Today we feel the winds of, let's call it, the winds of war – but it doesn't deter us,'' Nadiv said. ''Coming back to Metula – there's nothing to be afraid of. ... The army is here. The houses are fortified. Metula is prepared for anything.''

Weinberg isn't so sure. In recent weeks, he and his wife have considered leaving once again.