After accepting US deportees, South Sudan wanted sanctions relief for top official, documents show

JUBA, South Sudan — After agreeing to accept deportees from the United States last year, South Sudan sent a list of requests to Washington that included American support for the prosecution of an opposition leader and sanctions relief for a senior official accused of diverting over a billion dollars in public funds.

The requests, contained in a pair of diplomatic communications made public by the State Department this month, offer a glimpse into the kind of benefits that some governments may have sought as they negotiated with the U.S. over the matter of receiving deportees.

In the documents, the U.S. expresses ''appreciation'' to South Sudan for accepting the deportees and details the names, nationalities and crimes for which each individual was convicted.

In July, South Sudan became the first African country to receive third-country deportees from the U.S. Rwanda, Eswatini, Ghana and Equatorial Guinea have since received deportees.

The eight deportees to South Sudan included nationals of Mexico, Cuba, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar and South Sudan itself.

Contentious deportations

They arrived in the South Sudanese capital of Juba after spending weeks on a U.S. military base in Djibouti, where they were held after a U.S. court temporarily blocked their deportation. Six of the eight men remain at a residential facility in Juba under the supervision of security personnel.

South Sudanese officials have not publicly said what long-term plan is in place for those still in custody. The third-country deportations were highly contentious, criticized by rights groups and others who expressed concern South Sudan would become a dumping ground.

Details of the deal between the U.S. and South Sudan remain murky. It is still unclear what, if anything, South Sudan may have actually received or been promised. The documents only offer a glimpse into what the South Sudanese government hoped to get in return.

In other cases, Human Rights Watch said it saw documents showing the U.S. agreed to pay Rwanda's government around $7.5 million to take up to 250 deportees. The U.S. will give Eswatini $5.1 million to take up to 160 deportees, according to the group.

For South Sudan, in one communication dated May 12 and marked confidential, South Sudan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs raised eight ''matters of concern which the Government of South Sudan believes merit consideration.'' These ranged from the easing of visa restrictions for South Sudanese nationals to the construction of a rehabilitation center and ''support in addressing the problem of armed civilians.''

Request to lift sanctions

The allegations against Machar stem from a violent incident in March, when an armed militia with historical ties to him attacked a garrison of government troops. Machar's supporters and some activists describe the charges as politically motivated.

Bol Mel is accused of diverting more than a billion dollars earmarked for infrastructure projects into companies he owns or controls, according to a U.N. report. He wielded vast influence in the government and was touted by some as Kiir's likely successor in the presidency until he was dismissed and placed under house arrest in November.

Bol Mel was also viewed as a key figure behind the prosecution of Machar, one of the historical leaders of South Sudan's ultimately successful quest for independence from Sudan in 2011.

Machar was Kiir's deputy when they fell out in 2013, provoking the start of civil war as government troops loyal to Kiir fought forces loyal to Machar.

A 2018 peace agreement brought Machar back into government as the most senior of five vice presidents. His prosecution has been widely criticized as a violation of that agreement, and has coincided with a spike in violence that the U.N. says killed more than 1,800 people between January and September 2025.

In its communications with the U.S., South Sudan also asked for sanctions to be lifted over South Sudanese oil companies ''to encourage direct foreign investments,'' and for the U.S. to consider investing in other sectors including fossil fuels, minerals and agriculture.

When asked if the U.S. government had provided or promised South Sudan anything in return for accepting the deportees, a State Department official said, ''In keeping with standard diplomatic practice, we do not disclose the details of private discussions.''

A spokesman for South Sudan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Thomas Kenneth Elisapana, declined to comment.

US aid cuts

Despite accepting the U.S. request to admit deportees, relations between the two governments have been strained in recent months.