• It is likely that the frequency of heavy precipitation will increase in the 21st century over many regions, including Alaska, Canada, northern and central Europe, East Africa and north Asia.

• More heat waves and record high temperatures are predicted worldwide.

• There is evidence to say with medium confidence that droughts will intensify over the coming century in southern Europe and the Mediterranean region, central Europe, central North America, Central America and Mexico, northeast Brazil and southern Africa.

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